Geographic Decentralisation Index

Stake concentration on a few cities, network operators, or countries is real risk to Solana. Pools that distribute stake away from those clusters strengthen the network.

We measure the country, city, and network operator (ASN) of every validator in every pool, every epoch — and rank pools by how widely their stake is spread.

The problem in three numbers · largest single bucket per dimension, today

Most-concentrated ASN

27.9%

AS20326 · TeraSwitch Networks Inc. · 120M SOL

Most-concentrated country

21.6%

Germany · 93M SOL

Most-concentrated city

17.4%

Amsterdam · 75M SOL

Stake pool leaderboard

ranked by GDI

Pools at the top of this list contribute most to Solana's decentralisation. Click a pool name for the per-validator breakdown.

Min stake

Showing top 23 of 23 pools ≥ 100k SOL

#	Pool	CDI	DZ %	GDI	country	city	asn	Validators	Stake
1	STKESOL StKeDU…bGhw	1.38	59%	4.59	3.21	5.69	5.29	80	518k SOL
2	definSOL Bvbu55…MmPL	2.10	86%	4.45	4.16	5.45	3.88	32	266k SOL
3	jagSOL jagEdD…2BxM	2.35	89%	4.20	4.65	5.04	3.16	88	758k SOL
4	JSOL CtMyWs…JzG1	2.22	81%	3.82	2.85	4.66	4.20	260	1.36M SOL
5	vSOL Fu9BYC…WiyC	1.87	77%	3.71	2.78	4.25	4.31	159	1.28M SOL
6	edgeSOL edgejN…KiWZ	1.28	73%	3.69	2.66	5.18	3.63	50	822k SOL
7	JitoSOL Jito4A…Awbb	1.25	68%	3.57	2.53	4.31	4.17	704	9.19M SOL
8	dynoSOL DpooSq…zjru	2.25	76%	3.51	2.67	3.96	4.10	74	1.65M SOL
9	pdSOL aero2e…sVJ6	1.83	93%	3.48	3.14	3.71	3.61	99	1.09M SOL
10	bSOL stk9Ap…DuMi	2.22	74%	3.25	2.32	3.82	3.89	714	869k SOL
11	BGSOL 9qrFrE…gKjb	1.68	21%	3.25	2.61	3.07	4.29	2	193k SOL
12	xSHIN spp1mo…N1QN	2.02	58%	3.07	1.63	4.03	4.41	47	1.07M SOL
13	dzSOL 3fV1sd…zeWi	2.72	68%	2.95	2.57	3.37	2.97	382	5.02M SOL
14	hyloSOL hy1oDe…egwL	1.00	100%	2.83	3.05	3.05	2.44	1	184k SOL
15	MXSOL CV6bkr…pbtd	1.95	57%	2.67	2.01	2.71	3.47	4	314k SOL
16	BNSOL Hr9pze…4a7r	1.00	8%	2.65	1.82	3.33	3.09	5	10.10M SOL
17	axiSOL 9N69d9…Njpa	1.00	100%	2.51	1.53	1.89	5.45	1	542k SOL
18	BdMLRsol HQLwnQ…qkFL	1.00	0%	2.50	1.53	3.78	2.71	1	211k SOL
19	LP-SOLAYER po1osK…zGN2	1.00	100%	2.43	1.75	3.38	2.44	3	115k SOL
20	JupSOL 8VpRhu…KCtr	1.18	15%	2.27	1.56	2.12	3.54	4	5.24M SOL
21	BulkSOL 3aUmJD…D174	1.00	0%	1.55	1.53	1.89	1.28	1	143k SOL
22	cgntSOL CgntPo…r2az	1.00	100%	1.53	1.60	1.75	1.28	1	119k SOL
23	PSOL pSPcvR…aPqJ	1.00	100%	1.53	1.60	1.75	1.28	1	1.58M SOL

For reference, the network-wide average GDI across all 720 active Solana validators is 2.79. How this is computed.

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